What does "Manifest Destiny" refer to in relation to American expansion?

"Manifest Destiny" refers to the belief that the United States was destined by fate or divine providence to expand its territory across the entire North American continent. This ideology emerged in the 19th century and was used to justify westward expansion, including the annexation of territories such as Texas, Oregon, and California. Proponents of Manifest Destiny believed that it was not only the right of the U.S. to expand, but also its obligation to bring civilization and democracy to what they viewed as less developed regions.

The concept played a significant role in shaping American foreign policy and territorial acquisitions, as well as influencing attitudes toward indigenous populations and other nations in North America. It fostered a sense of national unity and purpose among Americans, framing territorial expansion as a moral imperative, often disregarding the impact on Native Americans and other cultures.

The other choices do not capture the essence of Manifest Destiny, as they pertain to different aspects of governance and diplomacy rather than the specific belief in territorial expansion that characterized this ideology.