What did Roosevelt mean by "Speak softly and carry a big stick"?

Roosevelt's phrase "Speak softly and carry a big stick" encapsulates his approach to foreign policy, particularly in the context of American imperialism. By advocating for a measured, diplomatic conversation while simultaneously maintaining a strong military presence, Roosevelt believed that the United States could effectively deter aggression and conflict without resorting to violence. This strategy suggested that showing the capacity for power and readiness to act militarily would lead other nations to respect U.S. interests and avoid confrontations.

The emphasis on diplomacy, or "speaking softly," reflects a preference for negotiation and peaceful solutions, while the "big stick" symbolizes the military strength that backs up those diplomatic efforts. This combination is intended to project strength and resolve, allowing the U.S. to influence global affairs assertively but cautiously.

In this context, the other options reference different aspects of American foreign policy that do not align as closely with Roosevelt's concept. The idea that military attacks must be the immediate response to threats does not fully encompass his approach, which favored deterrence. The notion that imperialism violates American principles contrasts with Roosevelt's willingness to engage in imperialistic actions, while the idea of promoting development in other nations, though related to American foreign policy, does not capture the essence of the "